Sziasztok. Nem találok ehhez kapcsolódó fórumot, chatgpt-t kérdeztem, az orosz pesa radarokról, mert érdekelt. Szerintetek valid?
Russia continues to use
PESA (Passive Electronically Scanned Array) radars on advanced fighter aircraft like the
Su-30SM and
Su-35S for several practical, economic, and strategic reasons:
1. Mature, Reliable Technology
- PESA radars like the Irbis-E (Su-35) and Bars (Su-30SM) are battle-tested, reliable, and well-understood by Russian forces.
- These systems offer very high power output, giving good detection range, especially against stealthy or low-RCS targets.
2. Cost and Industrial Capacity
- AESA (Active Electronically Scanned Array) radars are more expensive to produce and require more advanced semiconductor manufacturing capabilities.
- Russia’s domestic microelectronics industry lags behind Western and Asian countries in AESA-related tech.
- Maintaining and upgrading PESA systems is much cheaper than transitioning fleets to AESA.
3. Maintenance and Integration
- The current radar systems are deeply integrated into Russian avionics and weapons systems.
- Switching to AESA would require re-qualification of platforms, new training, logistical support, and significant redesign.
4. High-Powered PESA Tradeoffs
- Russian PESA radars like Irbis-E have exceptionally high peak power outputs (up to 20 kW), giving them detection ranges of 350–400 km under optimal conditions.
- AESA radars are generally better in terms of LPI (Low Probability of Intercept) and multi-target tracking, but Russia prioritizes raw range and ECM resistance.
5. Export and Political Strategy
- Russia continues to sell aircraft like the Su-30 and Su-35 to countries like India, China, Algeria, and Egypt—many of whom accept PESA radars as adequate for their needs.
- Exporting AESA technology could also raise ITAR-like concerns, especially given China’s interest in copying or reverse-engineering.
6. Sanctions and Technological Isolation
- Since 2014 and especially post-2022, Western sanctions have made it harder for Russia to access high-end microelectronics, including those needed for modern AESA systems.
- Russian AESA radar projects (like N036 Byelka for the Su-57) are progressing but are still limited in scale and production.
Summary:
Russia uses PESA radars on the Su-30 and Su-35 because they are
cost-effective, powerful, reliable, and easier to maintain, and
sanctions and
industrial limits delay widespread AESA adoption. Russia has prioritized
long-range detection and jamming resistance over stealthy radar performance for now.
Let me know if you'd like a side-by-side comparison of Irbis-E (PESA) vs Western AESA radars like the AN/APG-81.
Ezt mondtad:
yes
A ChatGPT ezt mondta:
Here’s a
side-by-side comparison of the
Irbis-E PESA radar (used in the Su-35) and a typical
Western AESA radar, specifically the
AN/APG-81 (used in the F-35):
Irbis-E (PESA) vs AN/APG-81 (AESA)
| Feature | Irbis-E (Su-35, PESA) | AN/APG-81 (F-35, AESA) |
|---|
| Radar Type | PESA (Passive Electronically Scanned) | AESA (Active Electronically Scanned) |
| Manufacturer | Tikhomirov NIIP (Russia) | Northrop Grumman (USA) |
| Max Detection Range | ~350–400 km (against large targets) | ~150–200 km (against fighter-sized targets) |
| Simultaneous Track/Engage | ~30 targets tracked, 8 engaged | ~20+ tracked, 6+ engaged (estimated) |
| Peak Power Output | Up to 20 kW (very high) | ~10 kW class (more efficient) |
| Frequency Band | X-band | X-band |
| LPI (Low Probability of Intercept) | Poor–Moderate (easier to detect) | Excellent (harder to detect) |
| ECCM (Anti-jamming) | Strong, brute-force jamming resistance | Advanced digital ECCM, stealthier approach |
| Beam Steering | Fast, but mechanically assisted | Instantaneous, no moving parts |
| Reliability / Maintenance | Moderate (requires cooling, moving parts) | High (solid-state, fewer moving parts) |
| Target ID & Imaging | Limited synthetic aperture imaging | SAR imaging, high-res target ID |
| Cost & Complexity | Lower | High (expensive and complex) |
| Production Status | Mature, in-service | In-service, mass-produced |
| Integration with Stealth | Not optimized for stealth aircraft | Optimized for stealth operations |
Key Trade-Offs
- Power vs Stealth:
Irbis-E is a high-power brute-force radar, which helps penetrate ECM and detect stealthier targets. But it's not stealthy itself—its emissions can be easily detected.
- Detection vs Survivability:
AN/APG-81 trades raw detection range for stealth, networked situational awareness, and survivability. It also supports sensor fusion, crucial to 5th-gen combat.
- Technology Maturity:
PESA is mature and simpler, easier for Russia to produce at scale. AESA is cutting-edge, but requires advanced manufacturing Russia currently struggles with.
Bonus: Su-57 AESA Radar (N036 Byelka)
Russia’s Su-57 uses the
N036 Byelka AESA, which is
technologically more advanced but still not fielded in large numbers. It includes:
- N036-1-01 (nose AESA)
- N036L-1-01 (L-band AESAs in wing leading edges)
- Combined coverage and ECM potential, but likely still behind AN/APG-81 in software, processing, and reliability.
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