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According to Ukrainian estimates, they need around 1,000 howitzers and 200~300 multiple rocket launchers to bridge the gap against Russian artillery force's numerical superiority.
Their need for additional artillery system is likely more urgent than ever as they have reportedly depleted their stock of Soviet-era artillery ammunition.
Because most NATO member states have divested their cold war-era stock, there aren't many systems readily available for hot transfer besides what the United States can provide.
This is where South Korea can make a meaningful difference. According to a report from late May, Yoon government is reportedly "considering" transfer of lethal aid to Ukraine. If that decision ever materializes, and depending on the scale of the assistance, South Korea has several options it can provide.
As of 2022, South Korea is the largest operator of 155mm howitzers in the world and a major manufacturer of 155mm shells. As of 2022, South Korea operates ~1,300x K9/A1 self-propelled howitzers, ~1,050x K55/A1 self-propelled howitzers, and 1,000+ KH-179 towed howitzers.
Of these three, KH-179 towed howitzers are being phased out and mothballed as war reserve stock. Their transfer to Ukraine would not severely affect ROK readiness. Additionally, ROK could hot transfer K9 or K55 to Ukraine and order additional systems to make up for the difference.
As for rocket artillery, the K239 Chunmoo MLRS is replacing the K136A1 Kooryong, with only a handful of units left operating the system. Some of the systems are already slated to be transferred to the Philippines, which could easily be redirected to Ukraine along with necessary 130mm rockets.
Whatever decision the ROK government makes, they need to make it soon.